Cryosurgery: A metal probe cooled with liquid nitrogen is introduced into the vagina and placed in the cervix. This kills the abnormal cells by freezing. Cryosurgery is used to treat preinvasive cervical cancer (stage 0) but not for treatment of invasive cancer. Laser surgery: A focused laser beam, directed through the vagina, is used to vaporize (burn off) abnormal cells or to remove a small piece of tissue for study. Laser surgery is used to treat preinvasive cervical cancer (stage 0). It is used to treat invasive cancer. Conization: A coneshaped section of tissue from the cervix. This is done using a surgical knife or laser (cold knife cone biopsy) or by using a thin wire heated by electricity (LEEP or procedure LEETZ). (See quot; Can cervical cancer be prevented Quot; for more information.) Cone biopsy may be used to diagnose cancer before further treatment with surgery or radiation. Can also be used as the sole treatment in women with early IA1 (stage) of cancer who want children. After the biopsy, the removed tissue (cone) is examined under the microscope. If the margins (edges) of the cone contain cancer cells, another treatment (including surgery) is needed to ensure that all cancer is removed. Simple hysterectomy: This is surgery to remove the uterus (both the body of the uterus and cervix). The structures adjacent to the uterus (parametrium and utero sacral ligaments) are not removed. The lymph nodes in the vagina is intact, and pelvis are not removed. The ovaries and fallopian tubes are usually left in place unless there is some other reason to remove them. If the uterus is removed through a surgical incision in the front of the abdomen, is called an abdominal hysterectomy. When the uterus is removed through the vagina, called vaginal hysterectomy. General or epidural (regional) anesthesia is used both for operation. The recovery time and hospital stay is usually shorter for vaginal hysterectomy than for abdominal hysterectomy. For a vaginal hysterectomy, the hospital stay is usually 1 to 2 days followed by a 23recovery period of the week. For an abdominal hysterectomy, a hospital stay of 3 to 5 days is common, and complete recovery takes about 4 to 6 weeks. Any type of hysterectomy results in infertility (unable to have children). Complications are rare but may include bleeding, wound infection, or damage to the urinary or intestinal systems. A simple hysterectomy is used to treat stage IA1 cervical cancers. The operation is also used for some cancers, stage 0 (carcinoma in situ), cancer cells at the edges of the cone biopsy (called quot; positivosquot margins;). Hysterectomy is also used to treat some noncancerous conditions. The most common of these is leiomyoma, a benign tumor type, commonly known as fibroids. Radical hysterectomy and lymph node dissection: For this operation, a surgeon removes only the uterus. The tissues near the uterus (parametrium and utero sacral ligaments), the top (about 1 inch) of the vagina near the cervix, and some lymph nodes (beanshaped collections of immune system tissue) from the pelvis are also removed. The ovaries and fallopian tubes are not removed unless there is some medical reason to do so. This surgery is usually performed through an abdominal incision. Another technique called laparoscopic assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy. This operation combines a radical vaginal hysterectomy with laparoscopic dissection of pelvic node. Laparoscopy allows the inside of the abdomen and pelvis to be seen through a tube inserted into a very small surgical incision. Small instruments can be controlled through the tube, so that the surgeon may remove lymph nodes through the tube without making a large incision in the abdomen. The laparoscope can also make it easier for the doctor to remove the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes through the vaginal incision. More tissue is removed in a radical hysterectomy in a simple, so the hospital stay may be longer from 5 to 7 days. The results of surgery in infertility. Complications are rare but may include bleeding, wound infection, or damage to the urinary and intestinal systems. A radical hysterectomy and lymph node dissection are the usual treatment for stage IA2, IB, and less frequently the II cervical cancer, especially in young women. Sexual impact of hysterectomy: radical hysterectomy does not change the ability of a woman for sexual pleasure. While shortening the vagina, the area around the clitoris and the lining of the vagina is as sensitive as before. A woman does not need a uterus or cervix to reach orgasm. Some women feel less feminine after a hysterectomy. You can see themselves as quot; a shell vac�aquot;. These thoughts do not increase sexual pleasure. However, when the cancer has caused pain or bleeding during intercourse, hysterectomy can improve a woman's sexual life to stop these symptoms. Trachelectomy: Most women with stage IA2 and stage IB treated with hysterectomy. Another procedure, known as radical trachelectomy, allows some of these young women to be treated without losing their ability to bear children. This procedure involves removing the cervix and upper vagina and placing a quot; cadenaquot bag, point to act as an artificial internal opening of the cervix (the opening of the cervix into the uterine cavity). The nearby lymph nodes also are removed by laparoscopy. The operation is done either through the vagina or abdomen. After trachelectomy, some women are capable of carrying a pregnancy to term and a healthy baby by cesarean section. In one study, the pregnancy rate after 5 years was over 50%, but the risk of miscarriage after this surgery is higher than is considered normal, healthy women. El riesgo de que el c�ncer regrese despu�s de este procedimiento es bajo. Pelvic exenteration: This is a more extensive operation that can be used to treat recurrent cervical cancer. In this surgery, all organs and tissues such as in radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection are eliminated, in addition to this operation can also remove the bladder, vagina, rectum and part of the colon. This operation is used to treat recurrent cervical cancer. If the bladder is removed, a new way to store and eliminate urine will be necessary. This usually means a short segment of intestine to function as a new bladder. The new bladder may be connected to the abdominal wall so that urine is emptied periodically when the patient is placed a catheter into a urostomy (a small aperture). Or you can drain urine continuously into a small plastic bag attached to the front of the abdomen. If you remove the rectum and the colon, a new way of disposal of wastes should be created. This is done by placing the remaining portion of the abdominal wall so that stool can pass through a colostomy (a small opening) in a plastic bag used in the front of the abdomen. It may be possible to remove the two points in question (next to the cervix) and reconnect the colon so it does not need bags or external. If the vagina is removed, a new vagina can be surgically created skin, intestinal tissue, or myocutaneous (muscle and skin) grafts. Sexual impact of pelvic exenteration: The recovery of total pelvic exenteration is time consuming. Most women do not start to feel that their normal state again for 6 months after surgery. Some say it takes a year or two to adjust completely. However, these women can lead a happy and productive life. With practice and determination, but also can have sexual desire, pleasure and www.cancer.org orgasms.source br br
